Waste and Air Pollution: A Connection We Don’t Always See

When we think about air pollution, the first things that come to mind are usually cars, factories, or wildfire smoke. However, there’s a constant and silent source of pollution that we often overlook: our own waste.

How does waste pollute the air?

Waste, especially when not properly managed, can become a significant source of air pollutants. This happens in several ways:

1. Landfills that breathe gases

When organic waste breaks down in landfills, it generates gases like methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂), both of which are potent greenhouse gases. Methane, in particular, is at least 80 times more powerful than CO₂ in the short term and is released in large quantities when organic matter decomposes without oxygen.

Additionally, landfills can emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other toxic pollutants that affect local air quality and the health of nearby communities.

2. Incineration: solution or new problem?

Burning waste can reduce its volume, but it also comes with a high environmental cost if not done properly. Incineration emits carbon dioxide and other air pollutants like dioxins, furans, and heavy metals, which can harm human health and contribute to climate change.

Even in modern facilities, waste incineration generates emissions that must be carefully controlled. When regulation is weak or outdated technology is used, incineration can worsen air pollution.

Medical waste

Waste generated in healthcare facilities such as hospitals, labs, and clinics includes potentially infectious materials, hazardous chemicals, and sharp objects. These types of waste are often treated through incineration, especially in areas where safer alternatives are lacking.

The issue arises when this waste is incinerated without proper temperature control and filtration. This can release highly toxic pollutants like dioxins, furans, and heavy metals into the air, affecting both healthcare workers and nearby communities.

Improper handling of medical waste poses not only a biological risk but also a serious environmental threat. That’s why it’s essential to ensure its safe and regulated disposal, using appropriate technologies and complying with hazardous waste management standards.